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Nucleus Biology
United States
Приєднався 23 вер 2021
DNA and RNA - Transcription
#RNAtranscription #mRNA #RNA
SCIENCE ANIMATION TRANSCRIPT: Now, that we've covered DNA replication, let's talk about Transcription. The first thing you need to know is that transcription has nothing to do with cell replication processes, such as DNA replication, mitosis, or cell division. So what is transcription and why is it necessary? Well, transcription is the first step in the process of using the genetic code in DNA to synthesize or build all the different proteins in your body. One problem with synthesizing these proteins is that the instructions for making them are in the DNA, which is located inside the nucleus. But the place proteins are always made is outside the nucleus, either in the ribosomes floating in the cytoplasm, or in the ribosomes embedded in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. So, how does the genetic code for synthesizing proteins get from the DNA to the ribosome? DNA uses a messenger called messenger RNA or mRNA to carry the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome. The process of building this messenger RNA is called Transcription. Now, let's see how transcription happens. Transcription begins when an enzyme called RNA polymerase attaches to a segment of DNA called a gene. A gene contains the code to build a specific protein, which is a macromolecule made up of a sequence of amino acids in a specific order. And within a gene, the specific order of nitrogenous bases dictates the order of amino acids that will make up the protein. Each group of three consecutive bases in the gene is actually a code for a particular amino acid. As a result, each group is referred to as a codon. RNA polymerase causes a particular area of the DNA helix to unwind and separate into two strands. One of the strands, often called the template strand, is the side of DNA that is read or transcribed by the messenger RNA. The other strand of DNA, often called the non-template strand, isn't transcribed by the messenger RNA. So how are DNA instructions transcribed into messenger RNA? Well, using the template strand as a guide, RNA polymerase uses the base pair rule to assemble free nucleotides in the nucleus into a complementary strand of RNA. For example, RNA polymerase reads the DNA base thymine on the template strand then binds it to a free nucleotide containing adenine. This process continues with cytosine binding to guanine and guanine binding with cytosine. Remember though, RNA will never contain thymine. So, whenever RNA polymerase sees adenine on the DNA template strand, it pairs adenine with uracil. By using the template strand of DNA as a guide, the genetic code from the non-template strand of DNA has actually been transcribed into messenger RNA. When transcription is complete, the messenger RNA, which is small enough to fit through a nuclear pore, takes the genetic code out of the nucleus to the ribosome, the site of protein synthesis. The process of actually building the protein at the ribosome is called Translation, which we'll cover in a separate video. To summarize, transcription is the process of transcribing or copying the genetic code for building a protein into messenger RNA. A gene is a segment of DNA containing the instructions or code for building a protein. A codon is a group of three consecutive nitrogenous bases in a gene containing the code for a specific amino acid in a protein. RNA polymerase unwinds the strands of DNA in a gene. The template DNA strand contains the complementary bases that need to be read to generate messenger RNA. The base pair rule is followed when assembling messenger RNA. Messenger RNA is actually a copy of the DNA non-template strand with uracil substituted for thymine.
NSV16039
SCIENCE ANIMATION TRANSCRIPT: Now, that we've covered DNA replication, let's talk about Transcription. The first thing you need to know is that transcription has nothing to do with cell replication processes, such as DNA replication, mitosis, or cell division. So what is transcription and why is it necessary? Well, transcription is the first step in the process of using the genetic code in DNA to synthesize or build all the different proteins in your body. One problem with synthesizing these proteins is that the instructions for making them are in the DNA, which is located inside the nucleus. But the place proteins are always made is outside the nucleus, either in the ribosomes floating in the cytoplasm, or in the ribosomes embedded in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. So, how does the genetic code for synthesizing proteins get from the DNA to the ribosome? DNA uses a messenger called messenger RNA or mRNA to carry the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome. The process of building this messenger RNA is called Transcription. Now, let's see how transcription happens. Transcription begins when an enzyme called RNA polymerase attaches to a segment of DNA called a gene. A gene contains the code to build a specific protein, which is a macromolecule made up of a sequence of amino acids in a specific order. And within a gene, the specific order of nitrogenous bases dictates the order of amino acids that will make up the protein. Each group of three consecutive bases in the gene is actually a code for a particular amino acid. As a result, each group is referred to as a codon. RNA polymerase causes a particular area of the DNA helix to unwind and separate into two strands. One of the strands, often called the template strand, is the side of DNA that is read or transcribed by the messenger RNA. The other strand of DNA, often called the non-template strand, isn't transcribed by the messenger RNA. So how are DNA instructions transcribed into messenger RNA? Well, using the template strand as a guide, RNA polymerase uses the base pair rule to assemble free nucleotides in the nucleus into a complementary strand of RNA. For example, RNA polymerase reads the DNA base thymine on the template strand then binds it to a free nucleotide containing adenine. This process continues with cytosine binding to guanine and guanine binding with cytosine. Remember though, RNA will never contain thymine. So, whenever RNA polymerase sees adenine on the DNA template strand, it pairs adenine with uracil. By using the template strand of DNA as a guide, the genetic code from the non-template strand of DNA has actually been transcribed into messenger RNA. When transcription is complete, the messenger RNA, which is small enough to fit through a nuclear pore, takes the genetic code out of the nucleus to the ribosome, the site of protein synthesis. The process of actually building the protein at the ribosome is called Translation, which we'll cover in a separate video. To summarize, transcription is the process of transcribing or copying the genetic code for building a protein into messenger RNA. A gene is a segment of DNA containing the instructions or code for building a protein. A codon is a group of three consecutive nitrogenous bases in a gene containing the code for a specific amino acid in a protein. RNA polymerase unwinds the strands of DNA in a gene. The template DNA strand contains the complementary bases that need to be read to generate messenger RNA. The base pair rule is followed when assembling messenger RNA. Messenger RNA is actually a copy of the DNA non-template strand with uracil substituted for thymine.
NSV16039
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Відео
DNA and RNA - DNA Replication
Переглядів 199 тис.2 роки тому
For Employees of hospitals, schools, universities and libraries: download up to 8 FREE medical animations from Nucleus by signing up for a free trial at: nmal.nucleusmedicalmedia.com/biology_youtube #DNAreplication #DNAmolecule #DNA SCIENCE ANIMATION TRANSCRIPT: Let's take a look at DNA replication, the process in which DNA copies itself. Why does DNA need to copy itself? Well, before a cell di...
DNA and RNA - Overview of DNA and RNA
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For Employees of hospitals, schools, universities and libraries: download up to 8 FREE medical animations from Nucleus by signing up for a free trial at: nmal.nucleusmedicalmedia.com/biology_youtube #NucleicAcids #DNA #RNA SCIENCE ANIMATION TRANSCRIPT: Today, we're going to be talking about the only two types of nucleic acids that exist, DNA and RNA. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, and RN...
Catalysts and Enzymes
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For Employees of hospitals, schools, universities and libraries: download up to 8 FREE medical animations from Nucleus by signing up for a free trial at: nmal.nucleusmedicalmedia.com/biology_youtube #catalysts #enzymes #ActivationEnergy SCIENCE ANIMATION TRANSCRIPT: Today, we're going to talk about catalysts and enzymes. To understand enzymes, we need to know that chemical reactions require ene...
Can You Answer ALL 28 Questions on Cell Biology? (Everyone misses #22)
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If you are an educator at K-12, college, university or medical school, you may download 8 FREE medical animations from Nucleus by signing up for a free trial: nmal.nucleusmedicalmedia.com/free-trial-membership-a
Nucleic Acids
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For Employees of hospitals, schools, universities and libraries: download up to 8 FREE medical animations from Nucleus by signing up for a free trial at: nmal.nucleusmedicalmedia.com/biology_youtube #NucleicAcids #DNA #RNA SCIENCE ANIMATION TRANSCRIPT: The final organic macromolecule we'll cover is nucleic acids. A nucleic acid is an organic macromolecule, which means it's a large organic compo...
Proteins
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For Employees of hospitals, schools, universities and libraries: download up to 8 FREE medical animations from Nucleus by signing up for a free trial at: nmal.nucleusmedicalmedia.com/biology_youtube #proteins #AminoacidMolecule #peptides SCIENCE ANIMATION TRANSCRIPT: So far we've covered two of the organic macromolecules: carbohydrates and lipids. Today, we'll be talking about proteins. Protein...
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❤ IND
💎 the gem channel
Very useful and helpful video. Fast and reliable thanks.
Doctors 👇
Thank you amigo😊🎉
Thanks for the appropriate answer
What is great video ever😇❤❤❤
Ohh my God 🥰
im confused, in telophase 2 it shows the cells with 2 chromosomes and are gametes, but dint gametes have 23 chromosomes
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Thank you sor very much as it has helped me a lot in my syllabus 😊😊😊😊
"We'll cover translation in a separate video" and then they never did 🤧
Cacchipoinollanu manushulanu gani padestaranta mamsam evaru cestaru evaru cestaru navvi navvi sastaru
You should also show the different phases of Prophase I (i.e. Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene and Diakinesis).
Who is here for exams?
your video is so helpful, plz dont stop making animations
I have ribonucleic aids call that rna
Explained in clear way thank you so much
Me
Who is here from Ethiopia😊
Too helpful ❤
For neet it is most important ❤
You didn't mention the electron
Spindle fibres are formed when?
So, from meiosis ll we have 4 pro cells? But also we have the only one cell to begin divide? How happens the reduction? If there some mistakes appeared that means there are antipode twins?!!!
pH is hydrogen? really hahaha and you say hydrogen with oxygen, can dissolved in water. so what is water???
01:20 the Stupid Google search gave me your Low video viewed , Because you're Similar, like water ? so what is water !
two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom
Never enjoyed bio b4
Plz explain me to Hindi 😢😢😢😢❤❤❤❤❤❤🎉🎉🎉😅😅😅
Tysm
This video is way too far better than other video...thanks
One of the best BIOLOGY :you tube channel I found so far ❤ very helpful for medical students 🎉thankyou
necesito subtítulos en español please !!!
Hi i am king mar king kong and blessy baliwag
Thank you very much
why didn't u talk about DNA ligase
You've helped me so much...I regret not knowing you before ... I have a request can I please have an explanation on gametogenesis, oogenesis and spermatogenesis
In plants rna is present,in humans dna is present
Eight cell division
A somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes. Each chromosome has two sister chromatids. In anaphase, if the sister chromatids separate, will not change the 2n condition.
Who is here from Bangladesh..
I am from Bangladesh's grandfather
@@thorn_princess I'm 22 years old sister..
@@MDAlomgir-vd9bk bro u didn't get the joke
I meant to say I am from India, Bangladesh's grandfather. Pakistan is Bangladesh's father and India is Pakistan's father. We all have same ancestory 💀✨
Hi mndel
Karyokinesis is the division of nucleus And mitosis is a type of cell division in which two daughter cells are formed and the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is same as that of the parent cell. Mitosis includes both Karyokinesis-Division of nucleus Cytokinesis-Division of cytoplasm
How do you say that ?? See in anaphase, the two sister chromatids separate , will it not change the chromosomal number.
For example , u've got a box with 46 pens , now you equally share it with two persons, so each of them get 23 pens.. isnt it n condition ?
Man you are great ✨
It very comprehensive🎉 👏👏👏
❤
Honestly your content and explanation is just amazing! Got everything on tips in the easiest way....
6:46
Thanks! It helped me to understand better❤